causativeの主語(causer)は、agentと異なり、動詞の表す行為を行わない。
(6) a. The psychologist ran the rats through the maze. --> The psychologists doesn’t run.
b. The lion-tamer jumped the lions through the hoop. --> The lion-tamer doesn’t jump.
c. The cook thickened the sauce. --> The cook doesn’t thicken.
(7) a. The editor wrote the article. --> The editor writes.
b. The assassin killed the mayor. --> The assassin kills.
c. The political activist painted slogans all over the walls. --> The political activist paints.
一つの動詞の一つの生起例は、一つの解釈しかない。(zeugma)
(ii) a. John broke the window and his promise.
b. John and the road used to run to Kansas City.
c. John ran the copier and a clean campaign.
d. John moved the audience to tears and the piano to the living room.
e. John left a book for you and his wife.
causative動詞を名詞化しても、causer項は継承されない。
(8) a. Tomatoes grow.
b. Bill grows tomatoes.
c. the growth of tomatoes
d. Bill’s growth of tomatoes
(9) a. The skirt shrank.
b. Bill shrank the shirt.
c. the shrinkage of the shirt
d. Bill’s shrinkage of the shirt
disperseは自他交替を起こすが、派生名詞に外項が継承されることがあるようだ。
(iv) a. the general’s dispersal of the crowd
b. *the teacher’s / Mary’s dispersal of the children
c. ??the sunlight’s dispersal of the fog
dispersalのように容認可能性に語彙的な違いがある場合と、dissolution, shrinkageなど容認可能性に語彙的な違いがない場合とを区別するものは何か、今後研究が必要。
動名詞は派生名詞と違い、causerを継承する。
(10) a. Bill’s growing of tomatoes
b. Bill’s growing tomatoes
(11) a. Bill’s shrinking of the shirt
b. Bill’s shrinking the shirt
