義務的・随意的コントロールの性質。
Obligatoary vs. Nonobligatory Control
a. Locality: The controller in OC, but not in NOC, must be an argument of the clause immediately dominating the adjunct.
b. Humanness: PRO in NOC, but not in OC, must be [+human].
implicit agentによるコントロールはNOCである。
(7) a. The avalanche hit the house [before PRO rolling down the hill]
b. The house was hit.
c. Mary said that the house was hit [before PRO rolling down the hill]
(7c)でPROのコントローラはthe avalancheではありえない。
(8) a. The rain washed the stairs [before PRO entering the basement]
b. The stairs were washed [before PROarb entering the basement]
(8b)においてコントローラはthe rainではない。
The Jaeggli-Roeper Generalization
Active RatC allows OC or NOC, passive RatC imposes OC.
(10) a. A vote was taken [PROi to elect a president] ---> NOC
b. *A vote was taken [PROi to be elected president]
c. John_i took a vote [PROi to be elected president]
