私的評価：従来の見解では、NCは社会階層を反映したものとされ、地域差はないとされてきた。本研究は、NCの地域差を示したことで評価できる。BNC以外で、質問紙票などを使って、社会階層の変数を除去した研究で、本論の結論をバックアップする必要はあると思われる。
JespersenのNCに対する見方
"... it requires greater mental energy to content oneself with one negative, which has to be remembered during the whole length of the utterance both by the speaker and by the hearer, than to repeat the negative idea (and have it repeated) whenever an occasion offers itself."
比較言語学の知見
In other words, neg-impermeable N1 languages are very rare in Europe and mainly restricted to the Germanic languages. Although standard English is therefore a typical Germanic language in this respect, it is not a typical European language.
From a typological point of view, then, it is not surprising that all non-standard dialects in Great Britain can optionally make use of neg concord, in particular as the functionally important negator is practically always reduced to -n't, as we have seen in Chapter 4.
Haspelmath (1997)について
"Most strikingly, Haspelmath provides new material for the claim the that what is sometimes called 'double negation' or 'multiple negation' and what will be termed negative concord in this book is the norm rather than the exception if we consider the languages of the world."
現代：何よりも驚くのは次の観察。現代英語にもかなり見られるNC。
For practically all non-standard phenomena, Humberside sports no instances at all (cf. also the following chapters). For all other dialect areas, and for the social mix of speakers that are represented in the BNC, the average of negative concord forms (in comparison with the equivalent standard English forms with any) of just over 14 per cent is a relatively high figure, and we can thus say that today, negative concord still seems to be well established systematically. (ibid.;105)
歴史：古英語では普通に見られたnegative concordであるが、中英語後期から衰退に向かう。
Mazzon (1994:164) Multiple Negation is declining already at Chaucer's time ... and was kept alive till about 1600 only where it was functional of the expression of emphasis and of other attitudes and subjective connotations.
Nevalainen (1998:284): the disappearance of multiple negation was well under way ... in the first half of the 16th century.
cf. Austin (1984): From the indirect evidence of the school grammars condemning the use of negative concord and the direct evidence from the Clift family letters one can conclude that indeed by the eighteenth century, negative concord had become a feature of non-standard speech.
Wolfram and Schilling-Estes (1999): there are a number of features of English language variation, such as the use of 'double negatives' (for example, She ain't been nowhere)... whose distribution among various populations is best explained by starting with considerations of social status difference. In other words, these features tend to be found among lower-status speakers in all dialect regions rather than being confined to speakers in particular areas.
Edwards and Weltens (1985): the construction is very widespread, as examples of it were given for virtually all dialects that were studied. On the whole, it seems that the use of more than one negative is a matter of concord, not a means of intensification.
Source:
Anderwald, L. (2002) Negation in Non-Standard British English: Gaps, regularizations and asymmetries, Routeledge, London. Chapter 5 Negative concord
